Improvement in buildings



PATENIE l? DE@ 31869# lla/mlm /37 ymjawm fffda uiten tetes stent y ffies. d i? 2 WILLIAM -DAltElE-L, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. Lentement N5. 71,587, dated Members, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT. IN BUILDINGS.

To ALL wHoM IT MAY co-NenRN;

Be it known that I,`W-IILI.IAM DAMnnnI., of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, andl inthe State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement `in Buildings; and I do hereby declare that the following is a. full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming p art of this specification, in which drawing-- Figure ,1 is a front view of a-portion ofa-wall made according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a side view thereof. v

" Figures' 3 and 4i are modifications of my'invent'on.

Similar'letters'indieate corresponding parts; This invention relates to the construction of. facie-walls for buildings, and is especially valuable where it is desired 'to given. finished appearance to the fronts Yof stone, brick, or wooden buildings.

The invention consists in a novel construction and application of aiinishedface-wall or surface to an ordinary outer wall of buildings, .whereby the latter is improved and beautiedin appearance, and a'lso protected from injury byviire or otherwise.

In this example, I have shown my improvement applied to a wall, a, composed ofwood. The letters 6 designate blocks of'stone of uniform thickness, except the lower block, which, if desired, is made thicker than the others, to form a base. The rear s-ides of the blocks have plane surfaces, to .enable them to set close against vthe wall a. The said wall a, whether-it be ofwood, stone, or other material,is made with an evenexterior surface, against which I place thefaeingfblocksb, one upon the other, as shown in the drawing, locking the upper one to thelOwerY one, by means of articulating joints, as hereinafter explairie'd. The upper front edge of each block, b, is sewn or cut out, so as to form a. joint, which is articulated, and locked with a joint made in reverse, on the lower back edge of each block, above the base-block. The joint on the upper edges ofthe blocks consists .of aange, c, whose rear surface is a eontinhation, in a straight line, of the back of the block. Thecxterior or face of said ilangc o is parallelr with its rear surface, but 'its top, which is the top of the joint, is sawn or cut to a bevel, that inclines downwards, and forms an acute anglewith the face of the tlange.

l'.lhe bottom, f, of the joint is either inclined downwards, like the top of ilange cas s shown in the lower `joint^1 of the'series, iig. 2, or it is curved,- as is'shown at-tthe joint marked 2, or it is made, square,as is shown `at 3." The reverse joint on the lower back edge of eac'h block is the counterpartof the joint made on the upper `-part of the block below it, and consists of la. flange, 0l, whose exterior and interior faces are vertical and parallel,

and equal in length to the upper flange c of the block on which it is to'be placed. The lower joint of cach block is the counterpart of the upper joint of the block below, so that the blocks are made to interlock, as shown in the drawing. A v v vEach block is fastened to the wall .a by bolts or other proper fastenings. In this example, I fasten the blocks by means of screws, which go through the flange c of each block and enter 'the wooden wall a, their heads being counter'sunkin the flange; When I apply my improvement to a stone lor brick wall, I use 'a bolt or bolts,

as shown in red outline in iig. 2, whose heads are likewise-counter'sunk in the flange, and extend the same through the main wall inthe interspaees' between adjacent stones or bricks, and fasten the bolts by nutsof sutlicient width to'span the interspaces through which the bolts pass By laying the face-wall in this manner, I secure each face-block, and hold it in place, by fastening its top directly to the main wall, and interlocking its bottom to the topof the block next below. The part of the joint which is exposed is pointed up by the mason,'and, in practice, I cut off' the sharp angle on the outer exposed edge, to give a better opportunity for the workman in pointing up.

When, from the character of the material used in the face-wall, or from other causes, there is danger of injury from the lodgment of rain or moisture along th'e outer part of the joint, I modify the joint, by making that part square, as shown on the upper block inV iig. 2, and also in the modification, iig. 3. l t In tig. 2 I have alsofshown another mode of making the exposed outer part of the joint, the same being designated by the numeral 2, the object being to protect the joint from the weather, and to exclude rain'and moisture, and thereby avoid injury to the stone from frost, which is eiected by rounding that portion of the joint, the lower side vof the upper block being concave, and the upper side of the lower block convex. Thi

construction ofthe outer part of the joint e'ectually excludes water and moisture, the overlap of the upper block forming a perfect water-shed, and it also aids thebevelled joint on the top ot' flange c in locking the blocks to l each. other.

When it is only necessary that one portion of the several joints articulate with each other, for the purpose of holding the blocks securely together, the portion that is not bevclled can be made straight, as is shown in the modifications, figs. 3 and 4, the outer or innerjoints' being made bevellcd or square, as desired, but I prefer to have the outer joint square or inclined outwards, or else overlapped, as at2 in tig. 2, so as to prevent the entrance of rain. 4 o j v The ilange'e, which is the portion of my face-wall that is directly fastened to lthe main or inner wall, is hiddenfrom view and protected from the weather by the overlapping' flange d of cach successive block or slab, and, consequently, each outer flange d forms a lap-joint to the part c of the several slabs. i

I do not c o'nine myself to the forms,`herein shown, of the outer joints of the wall, as theyA may be varied in many ways for the purpose of shedding rain and preventing the retention of moisture.

Among other advantages of my invention'are the following: lIt enables me to cover the main wall with a handsome ornamental facing of durable `material, such -as-slate, marble, or other stone, at a small cost and with little labor. It enables me, also, to cover and'protect Wooden-Walls, or the surfaces of framed or wooden buildings, with a handsome stone youter rYall, which will present the appearance of a solid stone Wall, and will protect the building from taking fire from without. i

The blocks b are one and a'half inch in thickness, more or less, and are made of any good stonevor mineral material that has the requisite durability.' The lower or base-stone is locked at bottom by letting itin a groeve in the sill-course, or, in the lcase of ajwooden buildingi in agroove in the coping ofthe foundation, so as to prevent displacement. The vertical edges of the facing-blocks b, at the'openings for doors and windows, are dressed by casings ofthe samev material, or of stone of dierent colors, or of marble, the ends of saidcasings being let into the sills and lintels of the buildings, so that they are held secure Without other fastenings.

My improvement enables me touse verythin blocks or slabs for facing walls and buildings, and the setting of the stone is greatly facilitated, and'theeommondanger of the sogging or winding of the wall at the joints,

where thinslabs are used, isobviated or diminished.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-v- 1. The combination, in a face-wall, of a lap-joint, with bevelled articulations, substantially as described.

2. In a face-wall, the combination, with they bevelled joint at the top of iiange c, of the rounded joint on the outer side of the wall, substantiallyy as shown.`

3. The combination, with the bevelledjoint o n the top of flange c, of thesquare outer-joint, shown on the upper block in fig. 2, substantially as described. v

This specification signed by me, this twenty-sixth day of August, 1867.

` WILLIAM DAMEREL.

Witnesses:

GUsrAv BERG, i J. VAN SANfrvoonD. 

